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There is currently a lack of information on critical questions surrounding laterality of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic obstruction, the utility of retrograde pyelogram, and the appropriate management for patients with concurrent UPJO and ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO). Therefore, we propose first a retrospective study of all pyeloplasty’s completed at CHLA for UPJO to answer some of these critical questions. The results of this study may inform future studies in this realm. We will retrospectively review all cases of pyeloplasty completed at CHLA (from 2000 through present) to identify differences in outcomes.

This is a randomized trial to help determine which of two gold standard treatments, Medication or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or their combination, is most effective when treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Treatment of every child with an anxiety disorder begins with the question of which treatment to start first, and then what to do if that initial treatment is not as helpful as it should be. This study will help patients, families, and clinicians determine which treatment sequences are most helpful for which specific patients.

Study early development in infants who have an older sibling with autism.